A mismatch in CUDA versions should not be a problem unless the cryosparc2_worker directory was installed on a volume shared by the workstation and cluster nodes. To quote the cluster installation documentation,
Installation of the worker is done only once, and the same worker installation is used by any cluster nodes that run jobs. Thus, all cluster nodes must have the same CUDA version, CUDA path and SSD path (if any).
The cluster worker installation needs to be run on a node that either is a cluster worker, or has the same configuration as cluster workers, to ensure that CUDA compilation will be successful at install time.
I believe the easiest way to resolve this problem is to log onto each of the cluster nodes, download and install CUDA 8.0, and ensure it is sym-linked to /usr/local/cuda (or wherever the value of CRYOSPARC_CUDA_PATH is in the file cryosparc2_worker/config.sh)